Gas turbine engine turbine blade airfoil profile

ABSTRACT

A turbine blade for a gas turbine engine includes an airfoil that includes leading and trailing edges joined by spaced apart pressure and suction sides to provide an exterior airfoil surface that extends from a platform in a radial direction to a tip. The external airfoil surface is formed in substantial conformance with multiple cross-sectional profiles of the airfoil described by a set of Cartesian coordinates set forth in Table 1. The Cartesian coordinates are provided by an axial coordinate scaled by a local axial chord. A circumferential coordinate is scaled by a local axial chord, and a span location, wherein the local axial chord corresponds to a width of the airfoil between the leading and trailing edges at the span location.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is related to co-pending application, entitled “GAS TURBINE ENGINE TURBINE BLADE AIRFOIL PROFILE by United Technologies Corporation, application Ser. No. 13/539,701, filed Jul. 2, 2012.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates to a gas turbine engine, and more particularly to an airfoil that may be incorporated into a gas turbine engine.

Gas turbine engines typically include a compressor section, a combustor section and a turbine section. During operation, air is pressurized in the compressor section and is mixed with fuel and burned in the combustor section to generate hot combustion gases. The hot combustion gases are communicated through the turbine section, which extracts energy from the hot combustion gases to power the compressor section and other gas turbine engine loads.

Both the compressor and turbine sections may include alternating series of rotating blades and stationary vanes that extend into the core flow path of the gas turbine engine. For example, in the turbine section, turbine blades rotate and extract energy from the hot combustion gases that are communicated along the core flow path of the gas turbine engine. The turbine vanes, which generally do not rotate, guide the airflow and prepare it for the next set of blades.

In turbine blade design, there is an emphasis on stress-resistant airfoil and platform designs, with reduced losses, increased lift and turning efficiency, and improved turbine performance and service life. To achieve these results, non-linear flow analyses and complex strain modeling are required, making practical results difficult to predict. Blade loading considerations also impose substantial design limitations, which cannot easily be generalized from one system to another.

SUMMARY

In one exemplary embodiment, a turbine blade for a gas turbine engine includes an airfoil that includes leading and trailing edges joined by spaced apart pressure and suction sides to provide an exterior airfoil surface that extends from a platform in a radial direction to a tip. The external airfoil surface is formed in substantial conformance with multiple cross-sectional profiles of the airfoil described by a set of Cartesian coordinates set forth in Table 1. The Cartesian coordinates are provided by an axial coordinate scaled by a local axial chord. A circumferential coordinate is scaled by a local axial chord, and a span location, wherein the local axial chord corresponds to a width of the airfoil between the leading and trailing edges at the span location.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the airfoil is a first stage turbine blade.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the span location corresponds to a percentage of an overall span distance in the radial direction from a point where the airfoil meets the platform toward the tip.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the Cartesian coordinates in Table 1 have a tolerance relative to the specified coordinates of ±0.050 inches (±1.27 mm).

In another exemplary embodiment, a gas turbine engine includes a compressor section. A combustor is fluidly connected to the compressor section. A turbine section is fluidly connected to the combustor. The turbine section includes a high pressure turbine coupled to the high pressure compressor via a shaft. The turbine section includes a low pressure turbine. The high pressure turbine includes an array of turbine blades. At least one turbine blade includes an airfoil having leading and trailing edges joined by spaced apart pressure and suction sides to provide an exterior airfoil surface extending from a platform in a radial direction to a tip. The external airfoil surface is formed in substantial conformance with multiple cross-sectional profiles of the airfoil described by a set of Cartesian coordinates set forth in Table 1. The Cartesian coordinates are provided by an axial coordinate scaled by a local axial chord. A circumferential coordinate is scaled by a local axial chord, and a span location, wherein the local axial chord corresponds to a width of the airfoil between the leading and trailing edges at the span location.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the array is a first stage array of turbine blades.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the high pressure turbine includes an array of fixed stator vanes upstream from the first stage array of turbine blades.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the first stage array of turbine blades includes forty-four turbine blades.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the span location corresponds to a percentage of an overall span distance in the radial direction from a point where the airfoil meets the platform toward the tip.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the Cartesian coordinates in Table 1 have a tolerance relative to the specified coordinates of ±0.050 inches (±1.27 mm).

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the high pressure turbine consists of two arrays of turbine blades and two arrays of fixed stator vanes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure can be further understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through a high pressure turbine section.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the airfoil having the disclosed cooling passage.

FIG. 3B is a plan view of the airfoil illustrating directional references.

FIGS. 4A-4F illustrate different views of the airfoil from the directions indicated in FIG. 3B.

FIG. 5 depict the span positions and local axial chords referenced in Table 1

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example gas turbine engine 20 that includes a fan section 22, a compressor section 24, a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28. Alternative engines might include an augmenter section (not shown) among other systems or features. The fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flow path B while the compressor section 24 draws air in along a core flow path C where air is compressed and communicated to a combustor section 26. In the combustor section 26, air is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high pressure exhaust gas stream that expands through the turbine section 28 where energy is extracted and utilized to drive the fan section 22 and the compressor section 24.

Although the disclosed non-limiting embodiment depicts a turbofan gas turbine engine, it should be understood that the concepts described herein are not limited to use with turbofans as the teachings may be applied to other types of turbine engines; for example a turbine engine including a three-spool architecture in which three spools concentrically rotate about a common axis and where a low spool enables a low pressure turbine to drive a fan via a gearbox, an intermediate spool that enables an intermediate pressure turbine to drive a first compressor of the compressor section, and a high spool that enables a high pressure turbine to drive a high pressure compressor of the compressor section.

The example engine 20 generally includes a low speed spool 30 and a high speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinal axis A relative to an engine static structure 36 via several bearing systems 38. It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided.

The low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40 that connects a fan 42 and a low pressure (or first) compressor section 44 to a low pressure (or first) turbine section 46. The inner shaft 40 drives the fan 42 through a speed change device, such as a geared architecture 48, to drive the fan 42 at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30. The high-speed spool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that interconnects a high pressure (or second) compressor section 52 and a high pressure (or second) turbine section 54. The inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50 are concentric and rotate via the bearing systems 38 about the engine central longitudinal axis X.

A combustor 56 is arranged between the high pressure compressor 52 and the high pressure turbine 54. In one example, the high pressure turbine 54 includes at least two stages to provide a double stage high pressure turbine 54. In another example, the high pressure turbine 54 includes only a single stage. As used herein, a “high pressure” compressor or turbine experiences a higher pressure than a corresponding “low pressure” compressor or turbine.

The example low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5. The pressure ratio of the example low pressure turbine 46 is measured prior to an inlet of the low pressure turbine 46 as related to the pressure measured at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 46 prior to an exhaust nozzle.

A mid-turbine frame 57 of the engine static structure 36 is arranged generally between the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressure turbine 46. The mid-turbine frame 57 further supports bearing systems 38 in the turbine section 28 as well as setting airflow entering the low pressure turbine 46.

The core airflow C is compressed by the low pressure compressor 44 then by the high pressure compressor 52 mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustor 56 to produce high speed exhaust gases that are then expanded through the high pressure turbine 54 and low pressure turbine 46. The mid-turbine frame 57 includes vanes 59, which are in the core airflow path and function as an inlet guide vane for the low pressure turbine 46. Utilizing the vane 59 of the mid-turbine frame 57 as the inlet guide vane for low pressure turbine 46 decreases the length of the low pressure turbine 46 without increasing the axial length of the mid-turbine frame 57. Reducing or eliminating the number of vanes in the low pressure turbine 46 shortens the axial length of the turbine section 28. Thus, the compactness of the gas turbine engine 20 is increased and a higher power density may be achieved.

The disclosed gas turbine engine 20 in one example is a high-bypass geared aircraft engine. In a further example, the gas turbine engine 20 includes a bypass ratio greater than about six (6), with an example embodiment being greater than about ten (10). The example geared architecture 48 is an epicyclical gear train, such as a planetary gear system, star gear system or other known gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3.

In one disclosed embodiment, the gas turbine engine 20 includes a bypass ratio greater than about ten (10:1) and the fan diameter is significantly larger than an outer diameter of the low pressure compressor 44. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a gas turbine engine including a geared architecture and that the present disclosure is applicable to other gas turbine engines.

A significant amount of thrust is provided by the bypass flow B due to the high bypass ratio. The fan section 22 of the engine 20 is designed for a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach and about 35,000 feet. The flight condition of 0.8 Mach and 35,000 ft., with the engine at its best fuel consumption—also known as “bucket cruise Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption (‘TSFC’)”—is the industry standard parameter of pound-mass (lbm) of fuel per hour being burned divided by pound-force (lbf) of thrust the engine produces at that minimum point.

“Low fan pressure ratio” is the pressure ratio across the fan blade alone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane (“FEGV”) system. The low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.50. In another non-limiting embodiment the low fan pressure ratio is less than about 1.45.

“Low corrected fan tip speed” is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec divided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tram ° R)/518.7)^(0.5)]. The “Low corrected fan tip speed”, as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment, is less than about 1150 ft/second.

The example gas turbine engine includes the fan 42 that comprises in one non-limiting embodiment less than about 26 fan blades. In another non-limiting embodiment, the fan section 22 includes less than about 20 fan blades. Moreover, in one disclosed embodiment the low pressure turbine 46 includes no more than about 6 turbine rotors schematically indicated at 34. In another non-limiting example embodiment the low pressure turbine 46 includes about 3 turbine rotors. A ratio between the number of fan blades 42 and the number of low pressure turbine rotors is between about 3.3 and about 8.6. The example low pressure turbine 46 provides the driving power to rotate the fan section 22 and therefore the relationship between the number of turbine rotors 34 in the low pressure turbine 46 and the number of blades 42 in the fan section 22 disclose an example gas turbine engine 20 with increased power transfer efficiency.

Referring to FIG. 2, a cross-sectional view through a high pressure turbine section 54 is illustrated. In the example high pressure turbine section 54, first and second arrays 54 b, 54 d of circumferentially spaced fixed vanes 60, 62 are axially spaced apart from one another. A first stage array 54 a of circumferentially spaced turbine blades 64 is arranged axially between the first and second fixed vane arrays 54 b, 54 d. A second stage array 54 c of circumferentially spaced turbine blades 66 is arranged aft of the second array 54 b of fixed vanes 62. The first and second stage arrays 54 a, 54 c are arranged within a core flow path C and are operatively connected to a spool 32.

A root 74 of each turbine blade 64 is mounted to the rotor disk 68. The turbine blade 64 includes a platform 76, which provides the inner flow path, supported by the root 74. An airfoil 78 extending in a radial direction R from the platform 76 to a tip 80. It should be understood that the turbine blades may be integrally formed with the rotor such that the roots are eliminated. In such a configuration, the platform is provided by the outer diameter of the rotor. The airfoil 78 provides leading and trailing edges 82, 84. The tip 80 is arranged adjacent to a blade outer air seal 70 mounted to a turbine case 72. A platform 58 of the second fixed vane array 62 is arranged in an overlapping relationship with the turbine blades 64, 66.

Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the airfoil 78 somewhat schematically illustrates exterior airfoil surface extending in a chord-wise direction C from a leading edge 82 to a trailing edge 84. The airfoil 78 is provided between pressure (concave) and suction (convex) sides 86, 88 in an airfoil thickness direction T, which is generally perpendicular to the chord-wise direction C. Multiple turbine blades 64 are arranged circumferentially in a circumferential direction A. The airfoil 78 extends from the platform 76 in the radial direction R, or spanwise, to the tip 80. The exterior airfoil surface may include multiple film cooling holes (not shown).

The exterior surface of the airfoil 78 generates lift based upon its geometry and direct flow along the core flow path C. Various views of the airfoil 78 of the turbine blade 64 are shown in FIGS. 4A-4F. In one example, the first stage array 54 b consists of forty-four turbine blades 64, but the number may vary according to engine size. The turbine blades 64 are constructed from a high strength, heat resistant material such as a nickel-based or cobalt-based superalloy, or of a high temperature, stress resistant ceramic or composite material. In cooled configurations, internal fluid passages and external cooling apertures provide for a combination of impingement and film cooling. In addition, one or more thermal barrier coatings, abrasion-resistant coatings or other protective coatings may be applied to the turbine blade 64.

The geometries of airfoil 78 are described in terms of Cartesian coordinates defined along x, y and z axes, which respectively correspond to the axial (x), circumferential (a) and radial (span) directions shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. The span coordinate is provided as a percentage taken from a point P where the airfoil meets the platform 76, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 5. The overall span is the distance from the point P to the tip 80 in the radial direction R. By way of example, the “25% span” is 25% the distance from the point P toward the tip 80 in the radial direction R. The axial (x) and circumferential (a) coordinates are normalized by the local axial chord for the give span location. By way of example, local axial chord for axial (x) and circumferential (a) coordinates associated with the 25% span corresponds to the width of the airfoil 78 between the leading and trailing edges 82, 84 at the 25% span location.

The contour of the airfoil 78 is set forth in Table 1, which provides the axial (x), circumferential (a) and span coordinates. The axial and circumferential coordinates in Table 1 are in inches, but can be converted to metric (mm) by multiplying by 25.4. Three dimensional airfoil surfaces are formed by joining adjacent points in Table 1 in a smooth manner and joining adjacent sections or sectional profiles along the span. The manufacturing tolerance relative to the specified coordinates is ±±0.050 inches (±1.27 mm). The coordinates define points on a cold, uncoated, stationary airfoil surface, in a plane at 0% span. Additional elements such as cooling holes, protective coatings, fillets and seal structures may also be formed onto the specified airfoil surface, or onto an adjacent platform surface, but these elements are not necessarily described by the normalized coordinates.

TABLE 1 Normalized Section 1 Normalized Section 2 Normalized Section 3 x a % Span x a % Span x a % Span 0.017703 0.686308 0 0.009708 0.957716 12.5 0.005433 1.17377 25 0.016441 0.68816 0 0.008662 0.960065 12.5 0.004546 1.176328 25 0.015337 0.689863 0 0.007962 0.961709 12.5 0.00401 1.178011 25 0.012994 0.693781 0 0.006493 0.96558 12.5 0.002938 1.181796 25 0.011222 0.697077 0 0.005323 0.96899 12.5 0.002005 1.185764 25 0.008654 0.702516 0 0.00371 0.975119 12.5 0.000901 1.192086 25 0.005742 0.710089 0 0.00215 0.983273 12.5 0.000101 1.200852 25 0.002856 0.720387 0 0.001166 0.993442 12.5 0.000177 1.211351 25 0.000573 0.734812 0 0.001459 1.007621 12.5 0.001998 1.22591 25 0.000139 0.753426 0 0.004467 1.02611 12.5 0.006984 1.244535 25 0.002937 0.777023 0 0.011067 1.046927 12.5 0.01572 1.265257 25 0.009316 0.802749 0 0.021207 1.070454 12.5 0.02837 1.289168 25 0.018213 0.832857 0 0.034666 1.097867 12.5 0.045854 1.316232 25 0.029419 0.866547 0 0.051294 1.127901 12.5 0.068615 1.343921 25 0.043514 0.903681 0 0.073027 1.160658 12.5 0.098331 1.37077 25 0.061214 0.943889 0 0.101561 1.193621 12.5 0.135754 1.393604 25 0.083436 0.986554 0 0.138792 1.22328 12.5 0.181944 1.409127 25 0.111389 1.030661 0 0.18316 1.245388 12.5 0.234459 1.413505 25 0.145229 1.072965 0 0.23085 1.258075 12.5 0.288658 1.405815 25 0.187852 1.112632 0 0.282488 1.261986 12.5 0.344197 1.386669 25 0.23925 1.144242 0 0.336417 1.25666 12.5 0.398392 1.357793 25 0.29664 1.162133 0 0.389729 1.242253 12.5 0.448321 1.322492 25 0.359298 1.163449 0 0.443604 1.217694 12.5 0.496097 1.280755 25 0.419826 1.148147 0 0.493858 1.184859 12.5 0.539644 1.235535 25 0.475733 1.11999 0 0.540478 1.144931 12.5 0.580135 1.186768 25 0.525783 1.08317 0 0.582848 1.100086 12.5 0.617381 1.135477 25 0.571094 1.03985 0 0.621407 1.051635 12.5 0.651579 1.082239 25 0.612039 0.99183 0 0.656582 1.000328 12.5 0.683048 1.027422 25 0.648433 0.941312 0 0.68844 0.947346 12.5 0.712024 0.971467 25 0.681566 0.888308 0 0.717867 0.892388 12.5 0.739126 0.913899 25 0.711724 0.833858 0 0.744866 0.836498 12.5 0.764191 0.855749 25 0.739901 0.7774 0 0.770063 0.779327 12.5 0.787602 0.79683 25 0.765898 0.720391 0 0.793527 0.721473 12.5 0.809576 0.737181 25 0.790267 0.662615 0 0.815323 0.663655 12.5 0.829979 0.67778 25 0.813276 0.604215 0 0.836054 0.604791 12.5 0.849361 0.617559 25 0.835123 0.545342 0 0.855729 0.545414 12.5 0.867803 0.556651 25 0.855089 0.488677 0 0.873588 0.488529 12.5 0.884538 0.498195 25 0.874419 0.43128 0 0.890837 0.430802 12.5 0.900566 0.439252 25 0.892426 0.375633 0 0.906788 0.375016 12.5 0.915345 0.382249 25 0.908575 0.323998 0 0.920995 0.323401 12.5 0.928494 0.329319 25 0.92373 0.274108 0 0.934426 0.272841 12.5 0.940892 0.277469 25 0.937349 0.228129 0 0.94635 0.226616 12.5 0.951813 0.230191 25 0.949537 0.186095 0 0.956959 0.184426 12.5 0.961481 0.187067 25 0.960377 0.148025 0 0.96636 0.146197 12.5 0.97002 0.14797 25 0.970024 0.113624 0 0.974652 0.111855 12.5 0.977491 0.112973 25 0.978376 0.083456 0 0.981865 0.081479 12.5 0.984017 0.081801 25 0.985542 0.057291 0 0.988016 0.055225 12.5 0.989546 0.054951 25 0.991427 0.035616 0 0.993123 0.033157 12.5 0.994167 0.032196 25 0.996378 0.017254 0 0.997356 0.014732 12.5 0.997974 0.01323 25 0.999828 0.003119 0 0.999929 0.000489 12.5 0.999976 −0.00117 25 0.998881 −0.0079 0 0.998182 −0.01013 12.5 0.997725 −0.01167 25 0.995557 −0.01527 0 0.994764 −0.01683 12.5 0.994053 −0.01829 25 0.99171 −0.02008 0 0.990368 −0.02188 12.5 0.989307 −0.02346 25 0.988428 −0.02291 0 0.987144 −0.02446 12.5 0.985976 −0.02599 25 0.984955 −0.0251 0 0.983662 −0.02653 12.5 0.982411 −0.02801 25 0.983342 −0.0259 0 0.982174 −0.02723 12.5 0.980979 −0.02865 25 0.981272 −0.02674 0 0.97996 −0.0281 12.5 0.978617 −0.02954 25 0.980181 −0.02712 0 0.979116 −0.02838 12.5 0.977697 −0.02982 25 0.978966 −0.02747 0 0.977263 −0.02888 12.5 0.975579 −0.03037 25 0.976514 −0.02802 0 0.974483 −0.02941 12.5 0.972477 −0.03089 25 0.974059 −0.02835 0 0.971795 −0.02968 12.5 0.969334 −0.03109 25 0.970332 −0.02843 0 0.96741 −0.02956 12.5 0.964595 −0.0308 25 0.965361 −0.02778 0 0.961817 −0.02847 12.5 0.958355 −0.02925 25 0.95932 −0.0257 0 0.955285 −0.0256 12.5 0.951509 −0.02578 25 0.952406 −0.02106 0 0.948042 −0.01961 12.5 0.943889 −0.01847 25 0.945828 −0.01219 0 0.94139 −0.00848 12.5 0.937111 −0.00548 25 0.939835 0.00025 0 0.934594 0.005582 12.5 0.929636 0.010207 25 0.932577 0.014367 0 0.926401 0.02195 12.5 0.920705 0.028656 25 0.923517 0.030854 0 0.916544 0.040916 12.5 0.910212 0.049956 25 0.912836 0.049037 0 0.905074 0.062142 12.5 0.898138 0.073993 25 0.900359 0.06894 0 0.891877 0.085609 12.5 0.884426 0.100725 25 0.885882 0.09062 0 0.876907 0.111158 12.5 0.869108 0.129939 25 0.869362 0.113892 0 0.860012 0.138855 12.5 0.852002 0.161815 25 0.850529 0.138892 0 0.841019 0.168752 12.5 0.83304 0.196303 25 0.830531 0.163982 0 0.820809 0.199369 12.5 0.812932 0.231983 25 0.808224 0.190504 0 0.798489 0.231869 12.5 0.790853 0.270184 25 0.784388 0.217403 0 0.774699 0.265274 12.5 0.767536 0.309498 25 0.759911 0.243695 0 0.750343 0.298275 12.5 0.743774 0.348552 25 0.733927 0.270317 0 0.724578 0.332002 12.5 0.718733 0.388674 25 0.707095 0.296569 0 0.698031 0.365622 12.5 0.693036 0.428805 25 0.680071 0.32186 0 0.671334 0.398335 12.5 0.667184 0.468172 25 0.652436 0.346632 0 0.64408 0.430701 12.5 0.640824 0.507316 25 0.624235 0.370852 0 0.616253 0.462791 12.5 0.613967 0.546202 25 0.595246 0.394701 0 0.587908 0.494392 12.5 0.586619 0.584795 25 0.566297 0.417509 0 0.559217 0.525505 12.5 0.558784 0.623061 25 0.53658 0.439911 0 0.529938 0.556236 12.5 0.530466 0.660965 25 0.506213 0.461776 0 0.499939 0.586706 12.5 0.501377 0.698828 25 0.475944 0.482552 0 0.470314 0.615747 12.5 0.472714 0.735081 25 0.444958 0.502772 0 0.439274 0.645332 12.5 0.442456 0.772207 25 0.4134 0.52227 0 0.408001 0.673966 12.5 0.411986 0.808396 25 0.380745 0.541262 0 0.375996 0.7021 12.5 0.380898 0.844053 25 0.348049 0.559029 0 0.343622 0.729464 12.5 0.349164 0.879096 25 0.31637 0.574998 0 0.31191 0.755192 12.5 0.317778 0.912351 25 0.283618 0.590138 0 0.279465 0.780249 12.5 0.285643 0.944882 25 0.251478 0.603528 0 0.247576 0.803635 12.5 0.253819 0.975487 25 0.221138 0.614702 0 0.217428 0.824508 12.5 0.223475 1.00306 25 0.191513 0.62407 0 0.188299 0.843323 12.5 0.19393 1.028262 25 0.163834 0.631249 0 0.160403 0.860157 12.5 0.165297 1.050977 25 0.138277 0.636304 0 0.134385 0.874488 12.5 0.138369 1.070619 25 0.11493 0.639352 0 0.110183 0.886356 12.5 0.112962 1.087418 25 0.09401 0.642086 0 0.088717 0.895722 12.5 0.090276 1.100789 25 0.075859 0.646508 0 0.069258 0.90372 12.5 0.069426 1.111505 25 0.060588 0.652172 0 0.052253 0.911843 12.5 0.050984 1.121242 25 0.04824 0.658491 0 0.039505 0.920626 12.5 0.036917 1.131132 25 0.039374 0.664321 0 0.030194 0.928757 12.5 0.026587 1.140532 25 0.032602 0.669744 0 0.023311 0.936139 12.5 0.019182 1.149043 25 0.02807 0.67398 0 0.018921 0.941801 12.5 0.014651 1.155394 25 0.02444 0.677813 0 0.015816 0.946313 12.5 0.011481 1.160615 25 0.021886 0.680795 0 0.013535 0.95004 12.5 0.009148 1.165051 25 0.020663 0.682318 0 0.012261 0.952508 12.5 0.007883 1.167741 25 0.019265 0.684145 0 0.010865 0.955331 12.5 0.00644 1.171133 25 0.018263 0.685518 0 0.01025 0.956463 12.5 0.005993 1.172273 25 Normalized Section 4 Normalized Section 5 x a % Span x a % Span 0.003628 1.357935 37.5 0.002466 1.538709 50 0.002873 1.360543 37.5 0.001904 1.541171 50 0.002362 1.362322 37.5 0.001507 1.543159 50 0.001411 1.366024 37.5 0.000858 1.547099 50 0.000524 1.370772 37.5 0.000273 1.552452 50 0.000308 1.377047 37.5 2.74E−06 1.55876 50 0.000664 1.386411 37.5 0.00043 1.568404 50 1.83E−05 1.397418 37.5 0.002173 1.579746 50 0.002815 1.412573 37.5 0.00658 1.595156 50 0.008997 1.431318 37.5 0.014843 1.613641 50 0.019035 1.452981 37.5 0.027703 1.635012 50 0.033685 1.478077 37.5 0.046177 1.658201 50 0.055047 1.505214 37.5 0.072304 1.68071 50 0.084394 1.530223 37.5 0.107294 1.698058 50 0.122031 1.549127 37.5 0.150103 1.705405 50 0.166487 1.558827 37.5 0.197808 1.70038 50 0.216587 1.557988 37.5 0.247611 1.683451 50 0.269952 1.545712 37.5 0.297645 1.656328 50 0.323245 1.522743 37.5 0.346164 1.621368 50 0.376536 1.489594 37.5 0.394132 1.578926 50 0.427483 1.448415 37.5 0.440107 1.531033 50 0.473843 1.402726 37.5 0.482813 1.480104 50 0.517688 1.352209 37.5 0.523703 1.425218 50 0.557794 1.29967 37.5 0.561886 1.368111 50 0.59514 1.244984 37.5 0.59755 1.309153 50 0.629697 1.18884 37.5 0.630665 1.249081 50 0.66179 1.13125 37.5 0.661703 1.187675 50 0.691511 1.072763 37.5 0.690687 1.125466 50 0.719175 1.013401 37.5 0.717821 1.062583 50 0.745262 0.952651 37.5 0.743508 0.998557 50 0.769565 0.891498 37.5 0.767598 0.934199 50 0.792343 0.829841 37.5 0.790334 0.86931 50 0.813838 0.767494 37.5 0.811845 0.803911 50 0.833995 0.705038 37.5 0.832255 0.737959 50 0.852958 0.642558 37.5 0.851333 0.672623 50 0.871109 0.579108 37.5 0.869673 0.606184 50 0.8877 0.517774 37.5 0.886552 0.541666 50 0.903391 0.456693 37.5 0.902429 0.477811 50 0.917903 0.397373 37.5 0.917161 0.415621 50 0.930891 0.341841 37.5 0.93038 0.357254 50 0.942969 0.288072 37.5 0.942535 0.301305 50 0.95361 0.238901 37.5 0.953318 0.249739 50 0.963 0.194049 37.5 0.962806 0.202788 50 0.971274 0.153365 37.5 0.971148 0.160215 50 0.978483 0.116989 37.5 0.978411 0.12214 50 0.984793 0.084429 37.5 0.984774 0.087963 50 0.990105 0.056473 37.5 0.990111 0.058703 50 0.994544 0.032735 37.5 0.994561 0.033869 50 0.998222 0.01278 37.5 0.99826 0.012915 50 0.999974 −0.00186 37.5 0.999926 −0.00226 50 0.997502 −0.01255 37.5 0.997297 −0.01334 50 0.993429 −0.01964 37.5 0.992824 −0.02098 50 0.988541 −0.02483 37.5 0.987933 −0.02611 50 0.984927 −0.02749 37.5 0.983923 −0.02904 50 0.981207 −0.02954 37.5 0.98002 −0.03115 50 0.979761 −0.03017 37.5 0.978532 −0.03179 50 0.977247 −0.03108 37.5 0.975864 −0.03274 50 0.975938 −0.03146 37.5 0.974102 −0.03323 50 0.973917 −0.03195 37.5 0.972246 −0.03365 50 0.970497 −0.03246 37.5 0.968503 −0.03416 50 0.966706 −0.0326 37.5 0.964168 −0.03423 50 0.961883 −0.03214 37.5 0.959145 −0.03363 50 0.954982 −0.03016 37.5 0.951659 −0.03125 50 0.947956 −0.02621 37.5 0.944239 −0.0267 50 0.939927 −0.01763 37.5 0.935913 −0.01689 50 0.932959 −0.0032 37.5 0.92863 −0.00124 50 0.924916 0.014117 37.5 0.919988 0.017699 50 0.915417 0.034481 37.5 0.909836 0.039914 50 0.904404 0.057973 37.5 0.898108 0.065538 50 0.891855 0.084583 37.5 0.884795 0.094567 50 0.877754 0.114272 37.5 0.869886 0.127 50 0.862127 0.146925 37.5 0.853372 0.162829 50 0.844854 0.182689 37.5 0.835237 0.202048 50 0.825953 0.221432 37.5 0.815464 0.24465 50 0.806078 0.261675 37.5 0.794827 0.288921 50 0.784302 0.305223 37.5 0.772268 0.337075 50 0.761658 0.349813 37.5 0.749108 0.386231 50 0.738726 0.394252 37.5 0.725817 0.435345 50 0.714675 0.440062 37.5 0.70157 0.486104 50 0.690156 0.485875 37.5 0.677148 0.536804 50 0.665433 0.531194 37.5 0.652533 0.587436 50 0.640265 0.576378 37.5 0.627697 0.637988 50 0.614755 0.621151 37.5 0.602788 0.688099 50 0.588591 0.666102 37.5 0.577254 0.738782 50 0.562029 0.710607 37.5 0.551579 0.78897 50 0.535014 0.754803 37.5 0.525547 0.838974 50 0.507207 0.799164 37.5 0.498835 0.889257 50 0.479672 0.841929 37.5 0.4722 0.938243 50 0.450807 0.88533 37.5 0.444709 0.987467 50 0.421481 0.928054 37.5 0.416553 1.036324 50 0.391438 0.970244 37.5 0.387612 1.08473 50 0.360525 1.011827 37.5 0.357751 1.132569 50 0.329688 1.051325 37.5 0.327872 1.178112 50 0.297817 1.089993 37.5 0.29678 1.222856 50 0.265884 1.126352 37.5 0.265433 1.265087 50 0.235052 1.159103 37.5 0.234976 1.303256 50 0.204445 1.189241 37.5 0.204325 1.338783 50 0.174754 1.216062 37.5 0.174782 1.370309 50 0.146673 1.239238 37.5 0.146816 1.397763 50 0.119919 1.259334 37.5 0.120132 1.421884 50 0.095671 1.275783 37.5 0.095659 1.442319 50 0.073539 1.289165 37.5 0.073557 1.459469 50 0.054 1.300415 37.5 0.054056 1.473635 50 0.038098 1.310965 37.5 0.037315 1.485931 50 0.02642 1.321295 37.5 0.0249 1.49775 50 0.018276 1.330638 37.5 0.016554 1.508121 50 0.013449 1.337416 37.5 0.01173 1.515678 50 0.009872 1.343446 37.5 0.008067 1.522746 50 0.007318 1.348614 37.5 0.005611 1.528582 50 0.006119 1.351223 37.5 0.00462 1.531334 50 0.004629 1.35501 37.5 0.003334 1.535434 50 0.004211 1.356272 37.5 0.00295 1.536822 50 Normalized Section 6 Normalized Section 7 x a % Span x a % Span 0.000886 1.73725 62.5 0.001243 1.95021 75 0.000672 1.739326 62.5 0.001569 1.951955 75 0.000672 1.741663 62.5 0.002121 1.954511 75 0.000899 1.746413 62.5 0.003591 1.959972 75 0.001263 1.75181 62.5 0.00529 1.964946 75 0.002314 1.758435 62.5 0.008185 1.971728 75 0.004452 1.767703 62.5 0.012706 1.980041 75 0.00849 1.77885 62.5 0.019813 1.990172 75 0.016143 1.793587 62.5 0.031617 2.002907 75 0.02871 1.81082 62.5 0.049291 2.016487 75 0.047618 1.828568 62.5 0.074429 2.026797 75 0.07322 1.843417 62.5 0.106486 2.029058 75 0.105332 1.852561 62.5 0.14277 2.021008 75 0.143482 1.853765 62.5 0.180987 2.003267 75 0.186236 1.844837 62.5 0.219973 1.977265 75 0.23157 1.82499 62.5 0.259564 1.943901 75 0.277476 1.795106 62.5 0.299675 1.903741 75 0.322973 1.756883 62.5 0.340268 1.857094 75 0.366759 1.712987 62.5 0.379797 1.806137 75 0.410267 1.662929 62.5 0.419739 1.749207 75 0.452275 1.608744 62.5 0.45863 1.688476 75 0.491918 1.552243 62.5 0.495568 1.625785 75 0.529862 1.493002 62.5 0.530694 1.561421 75 0.565889 1.431462 62.5 0.564395 1.495095 75 0.599753 1.368417 62.5 0.596376 1.427787 75 0.631424 1.304537 62.5 0.626652 1.359912 75 0.66122 1.239846 62.5 0.655241 1.291898 75 0.689491 1.173945 62.5 0.682896 1.222239 75 0.716059 1.107733 62.5 0.709028 1.1527 75 0.741269 1.040776 62.5 0.733938 1.082815 75 0.765077 0.973544 62.5 0.757677 1.012715 75 0.787802 0.905455 62.5 0.780652 0.941379 75 0.80931 0.837211 62.5 0.80245 0.870273 75 0.829828 0.768403 62.5 0.823313 0.798853 75 0.849152 0.699968 62.5 0.843279 0.727156 75 0.867706 0.630705 62.5 0.862421 0.655083 75 0.884755 0.563734 62.5 0.879974 0.585862 75 0.900966 0.496835 62.5 0.896953 0.515809 75 0.915987 0.431836 62.5 0.912677 0.447952 75 0.929331 0.37149 62.5 0.92648 0.385807 75 0.941636 0.313477 62.5 0.939333 0.325582 75 0.95267 0.259432 62.5 0.950938 0.269074 75 0.962321 0.210486 62.5 0.961033 0.218141 75 0.970793 0.166162 62.5 0.969887 0.172001 75 0.978169 0.126511 62.5 0.977572 0.130738 75 0.984635 0.090901 62.5 0.984267 0.093829 75 0.99005 0.060459 62.5 0.989882 0.062135 75 0.994568 0.034609 62.5 0.994553 0.035236 75 0.998281 0.013082 62.5 0.998308 0.013225 75 0.999854 −0.00309 62.5 0.999773 −0.00418 75 0.996888 −0.01464 62.5 0.99638 −0.01623 75 0.992166 −0.02246 62.5 0.991467 −0.02406 75 0.987305 −0.02749 62.5 0.986511 −0.02912 75 0.982879 −0.03072 62.5 0.98176 −0.03255 75 0.978812 −0.03289 62.5 0.977531 −0.03479 75 0.977301 −0.03353 62.5 0.976001 −0.03544 75 0.97448 −0.03453 62.5 0.973019 −0.03649 75 0.972471 −0.03508 62.5 0.970891 −0.03708 75 0.970529 −0.0355 62.5 0.968694 −0.03755 75 0.966441 −0.03602 62.5 0.964232 −0.03809 75 0.961954 −0.03607 62.5 0.959738 −0.03811 75 0.956238 −0.03529 62.5 0.953086 −0.03715 75 0.94831 −0.03258 62.5 0.944711 −0.03411 75 0.939962 −0.02702 62.5 0.935271 −0.02741 75 0.93156 −0.01605 62.5 0.926787 −0.01514 75 0.923785 0.000881 62.5 0.918371 0.0032 75 0.914362 0.021426 62.5 0.908023 0.025469 75 0.903208 0.045569 62.5 0.895647 0.05172 75 0.890256 0.073379 62.5 0.881175 0.081916 75 0.875482 0.104821 62.5 0.864534 0.116023 75 0.858825 0.139937 62.5 0.845651 0.154002 75 0.840256 0.1787 62.5 0.824457 0.195818 75 0.819862 0.220883 62.5 0.801096 0.241059 75 0.797371 0.266964 62.5 0.775006 0.290724 75 0.77387 0.314762 62.5 0.747628 0.342117 75 0.748317 0.366474 62.5 0.717976 0.397243 75 0.722043 0.41949 62.5 0.68721 0.454207 75 0.695737 0.47257 62.5 0.656525 0.511162 75 0.668593 0.527528 62.5 0.625008 0.570201 75 0.641678 0.582376 62.5 0.59402 0.629176 75 0.614735 0.637714 62.5 0.563236 0.689062 75 0.588094 0.692998 62.5 0.533249 0.749002 75 0.561795 0.748196 62.5 0.504031 0.809275 75 0.535506 0.803923 62.5 0.475658 0.869833 75 0.509458 0.859517 62.5 0.447944 0.930796 75 0.483394 0.915138 62.5 0.420751 0.992058 75 0.457074 0.970996 62.5 0.393977 1.053503 75 0.430803 1.026202 62.5 0.367519 1.115045 75 0.404169 1.081462 62.5 0.341254 1.176682 75 0.37709 1.136519 62.5 0.315153 1.238222 75 0.34947 1.191331 62.5 0.289049 1.2998 75 0.321209 1.245793 62.5 0.262862 1.361349 75 0.293163 1.298002 62.5 0.237369 1.420806 75 0.264206 1.349723 62.5 0.211602 1.480203 75 0.235239 1.399093 62.5 0.186363 1.537456 75 0.207334 1.444206 62.5 0.162526 1.590485 75 0.179389 1.486913 62.5 0.139161 1.641292 75 0.152736 1.525394 62.5 0.117211 1.6878 75 0.127626 1.559604 62.5 0.096731 1.729988 75 0.103913 1.590047 62.5 0.077795 1.767853 75 0.082109 1.616585 62.5 0.060488 1.801414 75 0.062483 1.639426 62.5 0.044906 1.83071 75 0.044924 1.659043 62.5 0.030668 1.856677 75 0.029712 1.675374 62.5 0.018591 1.878065 75 0.018091 1.68991 62.5 0.009069 1.895951 75 0.010804 1.701872 62.5 0.003866 1.909996 75 0.00674 1.711002 62.5 0.001307 1.920941 75 0.003939 1.719405 62.5 0.000165 1.930634 75 0.002355 1.725717 62.5 1.07E−05 1.937251 75 0.001813 1.729217 62.5 0.000195 1.941646 75 0.001222 1.733551 62.5 0.000621 1.946065 75 0.001021 1.735005 62.5 0.000835 1.947668 75

In general, the turbine blade airfoil 78, as described herein, has a combination of axial sweep and tangential lean. Depending on configuration, the lean and sweep angles sometimes vary by up to ±10° or more. In addition, the turbine blade 78 is sometimes rotated with respect to a radial axis or a normal to the platform or shroud surface, for example by up to ±10° or more.

Novel aspects of the turbine blade and associated airfoil surfaces described herein are achieved by substantial conformance to specified geometries. Substantial conformance generally includes or may include a manufacturing tolerance of about ±0.050 inches (±1.27 mm), in order to account for variations in molding, cutting, shaping, surface finishing and other manufacturing processes, and to accommodate variability in coating thicknesses. This tolerance is generally constant or not scalable, and applies to each of the specified blade surfaces, regardless of size.

Substantial conformance is based on sets of points representing a three-dimensional surface with particular physical dimensions, for example in inches or millimeters, as determined by selecting particular values of the scaling parameters. A substantially conforming airfoil, blade or vane structure has surfaces that conform to the specified sets of points, within the specified tolerance.

Alternatively, substantial conformance is based on a determination by a national or international regulatory body, for example in a part certification or part manufacture approval (PMA) process for the Federal Aviation Administration, the European Aviation Safety Agency, the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau, or the Russian Federal Agency for Air Transport. In these configurations, substantial conformance encompasses a determination that a particular part or structure is identical to, or sufficiently similar to, the specified airfoil, blade or vane, or that the part or structure is sufficiently the same with respect to a part design in a type-certified or type-certificated airfoil, blade or vane, such that the part or structure complies with airworthiness standards applicable to the specified blade, vane or airfoil. In particular, substantial conformance encompasses any regulatory determination that a particular part or structure is sufficiently similar to, identical to, or the same as a specified blade, vane or airfoil, such that certification or authorization for use is based at least in part on the determination of similarity.

Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of the claims. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine their true scope and content. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A turbine blade for a gas turbine engine comprising: an airfoil including leading and trailing edges joined by spaced apart pressure and suction sides to provide an exterior airfoil surface extending from a platform in a radial direction to a tip; and wherein the external airfoil surface is formed in substantial conformance with multiple cross-sectional profiles of the airfoil described by a set of Cartesian coordinates set forth in Table 1, the Cartesian coordinates provided by an axial coordinate scaled by a local axial chord, a circumferential coordinate scaled by a local axial chord, and a span location, wherein the local axial chord corresponds to a width of the airfoil between the leading and trailing edges at the span location.
 2. The turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the airfoil is a first stage turbine blade.
 3. The turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the span location corresponds to a percentage of an overall span distance in the radial direction from a point where the airfoil meets the platform toward the tip.
 4. The turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the Cartesian coordinates in Table 1 have a tolerance relative to the specified coordinates of ±0.050 inches (±1.27 mm).
 5. A gas turbine engine comprising: a compressor section; a combustor fluidly connected to the compressor section; a turbine section fluidly connected to the combustor, the turbine section comprising: a high pressure turbine coupled to the high pressure compressor via a shaft; a low pressure turbine; and wherein the high pressure turbine includes an array of turbine blades, wherein at least one turbine blade includes an airfoil having leading and trailing edges joined by spaced apart pressure and suction sides to provide an exterior airfoil surface extending from a platform in a radial direction to a tip; and wherein the external airfoil surface is formed in substantial conformance with multiple cross-sectional profiles of the airfoil described by a set of Cartesian coordinates set forth in Table 1, the Cartesian coordinates provided by an axial coordinate scaled by a local axial chord, a circumferential coordinate scaled by a local axial chord, and a span location, wherein the local axial chord corresponds to a width of the airfoil between the leading and trailing edges at the span location.
 6. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the array is a first stage array of turbine blades.
 7. The gas turbine engine according to claim 6, wherein the high pressure turbine includes an array of fixed stator vanes upstream from the first stage array of turbine blades.
 8. The gas turbine engine according to claim 6, wherein the first stage array of turbine blades includes forty-four turbine blades.
 9. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the span location corresponds to a percentage of an overall span distance in the radial direction from a point where the airfoil meets the platform toward the tip.
 10. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the Cartesian coordinates in Table 1 have a tolerance relative to the specified coordinates of ±0.050 inches (±1.27 mm).
 11. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the high pressure turbine consists of two arrays of turbine blades and two arrays of fixed stator vanes. 